![]() Examples of spatially explicit models include: the simulation of pedestrians in the urban centers (Schelhorn et al., 1999 and Haklay et al., 2001) and the examination of crowd congestion at London’s Notting Hill carnival (Batty et al., 2003) highlighted in Figure 8‑7. In addition to modeling biological systems, SWARM has been used to develop models for anthropological, computer science, ecological, economic, geographical, and political science purposes. Inspired by research into artificial life, SWARM was designed to study biological systems, and attempts to replicate mechanisms observable in biological phenomena. SWARM: Designed specifically for the development of multi-agent simulations of complex adaptive systems (although agent-based models can easily be developed using SWARM as well). Table 8‑3 summarizes information for three selected open source toolkits, SWARM, MASON and Repast. However, the systems reviewed are constantly being updated, thus modelers are advised to check each system’s website to obtain the latest information. A caveat must be noted at this point ― the information provided within this subsection aims to be accurate and up-to-date. The remainder of this subsection provides further information about each system, identifying examples of geospatial models that have been developed with the system. These tables have been adapted from the work of Najlis et al. Table 8‑3, Table 8‑4 and Table 8‑5 summarize information relating to each system for comparison purposes, categorized by their licensing policy. These systems were chosen because they largely or wholly fulfilled the criteria that they are: maintained and still being developed widely used and supported by a strong user community accompanied by a variety of demonstration models and in some instances the model’s programming script or source code is available and finally they are capable of developing spatially explicit models, possibly via the integration of GIS functionality. proprietary systems (AgentSheets and AnyLogic). ![]() ![]()
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